Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy in which abnormal proliferation of cells in the myeloid series occurs. It is developed by a chromosomal translocation. CML usually develops in adults and rarely in children. The association of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastric cancer is very rare, with only 18 reported cases.

Here we report the case of a fifty-year-old Iranian woman who developed CML, then developed a second malignancy (gastric cancer) four years later. She was treated with imatinib (GleevecR), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

We present the case and review the literature on CML’s association with gastric cancer.