Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy in women in many countries. Body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer and its correlation with BMI and human development index (HDI) in Asia in 2012.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on the world data of cancer and the World Bank including the HDI and its components. In this population-based study, we derived population attributable fractions (PAFs) using BMI estimates in adults by age, gender, and country. The incidence and mortality rate due to endometrial cancer in Asian countries were drawn. For data analysis, correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between incidence and death rate and two parameters BMI and HDI using the Stata software version 14. Significance level (p) was considered < 0.05.

Results: The highest incidence of endometrial cancer in Asia was reported for Armenia (26.7 per 100,000 population), followed by Israel (15.4 per 100,000 population) in the age group of 60-64 years, and the highest mortality rate due to this cancer for Armenia (1.6 per 100,000 population), followed by Afghanistan (1.4 at 100,00 population). The highest rate of endometrial cancer was reported for Kuwait (56.3%). The results showed a positive correlation between incidence of cancer and HDI (r=0.44, p>0.001). We observed no significant association between cancer-related death and HDI (r=0.26, p>0.05).

Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. Therefore, to prevent this cancer and associated complications, the implementation of an intervention program for controlling obesity and also routine endometrial cancer screening programs in obese and overweight women is necessary.